Marriage contract in Russian legislation

Concept and meaning of the contract

The concept of a marriage contract is a voluntary and mutual agreement between spouses, which defines property and material relationships. The agreement can be concluded both before the official process of registering the marriage, and at a certain period after that.

According to statistics from America and Europe, about 65% of people enter into a marriage contract.
In our country, this institute is just beginning to gain popularity. Citizens abroad are more practical, which explains such balanced decisions. Most often, before directly registering a marriage, wealthy individuals who enter into unequal social relationships, as well as those who have a large difference in financial status, decide to enter into a marriage contract.

Subject and essence of the agreement

The subject of a marriage contract is the legal obligations of the main family members regarding property.

An agreement should not be allowed to stipulate personal relationships between individuals. If there are minor children in the family, the responsibilities associated with their upbringing and living are not specified.

The following modes of regulation and use of property may become a separate clause of the document: separate, shared, private.

In Russian legislation, a marriage contract prohibits stipulating circumstances that create unacceptable conditions. For example, when a complete transfer of ownership rights to real estate and household items is made to one of the spouses. In this case, the document will not come into force and will be considered invalid.

And now it’s worth translating the topic to another question, namely, discussing what a marriage contract excludes:

• infringement of the legal capacity of one of the spouses;
• limitation of legal capacity;
• suppression of rights to defense in courts;
• restriction of the right to receive financial support if the spouse has the status of a citizen in need of social protection.

The presence of one of these conditions may be a valid reason for the transaction to lose legal force. On an individual basis, the court makes a decision to completely invalidate the document or regulate its individual points.

Fictitious marriage

A fictitious marriage can be concluded for various reasons, but its goal is always to improve the situation of both persons entering into such a marriage, or one of them.

The appearance of fictitious marriages is typical for the period after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when a massive restructuring of civil and family legislation began.

From the point of view of legal norms, a fictitious marriage is registered in the same way as other forms that exist in everyday life, that is, it
undergoes official registration. However, after receiving a marriage document, persons who entered into its fictitious form terminate all relationships confirming their marital status, including not living together.
This becomes the main sign of the fictitiousness of the concluded relationship.

A marriage can only be recognized as fictitious by a court decision after the latter has examined all the evidence presented, including the testimony of witnesses.

If the marriage is recognized as fictitious, the documents on its conclusion lose their legal force. In addition, the consequences of recognizing a marriage as fictitious and invalid should be the cancellation of the received material and intangible benefits, and in case of damage to the state, a criminal case may be opened under various articles, including fraud.

In addition, administrative liability in the form of a fine or compulsory labor is provided for the creation of a fictitious marriage union.

Such forms of liability include people who have entered into an alliance to obtain registration or material and non-material benefits, if such receipt is proven.

Subjects

The subjects of a marriage contract are current or future spouses. Well-known criteria are applied to them, familiar to all people who have even a minimal understanding of jurisprudence: legal capacity and legal capacity - in this case, persons must have reached the age of marriage.

According to Russian law, the permissible age for marriage is 18 years, but the head of the civil registry office can lower it if there are compelling reasons (serious illness requiring constant supervision, urgent travel abroad, pregnancy of the bride).
A prerequisite is that during the period of drawing up the document, the subjects of the marriage contract must be married or getting married soon.

The category of persons entering into a marriage requires a separate decoding. The concept of such citizens is interpreted as follows - this is a couple who has already officially submitted an application to the registry office. For them, the marriage contract will begin to be valid only after legal registration.

Legal nature of the contract

The legal nature of a marriage contract has two theories, described in legal literature and scientific theses. Some scholars argue that this document is a family law document, while others are of the opinion that the transaction is made solely to regulate civil law.

Both theories have fairly strong justifications. Thus, the legal nature of a marriage contract as a document regulating family legal relations is confirmed by the fact that the document is valid only during the period of an officially registered marriage and its drafters are legally capable spouses who confirm their legal capacity. The object of the agreement is property acquired jointly.

A marriage contract is a transaction between spouses aimed at establishing or changing the legal regime of property. And this is an exclusively civil law element. The main thing is to comply with all the principles of Russian legislation.

Chapter 8, Article 40 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation gives an expanded concept of a marriage contract. It can be translated into a language accessible to an ordinary citizen as follows - this is an agreement between persons already in an official marriage or those who have submitted an application for registration, which establishes who owns the property during cohabitation and who will go to it after the divorce.

Marriage agreement under Russian law

For the majority of the population of modern Russia, a marriage contract is an exotic product of a different way of life, something unreal.

However, the marriage contract was known to Roman law and has been in force in the legislation of many countries for centuries. It also existed in Russia, but was abolished by Peter I and renewed by Article 10 of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire under Catherine II. The introduction of the institution of a marriage contract is one of the most significant innovations of the Family Code of the Russian Federation of 1996, although in principle the conclusion of a marriage contract became possible after the entry into force of the first part of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation - from January 1, 1995, in Art. 256 of which it is stated that “property acquired by spouses during marriage is their joint property, unless an agreement between them establishes a different regime for this property.”

However, before the adoption of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, concluding a marriage contract was difficult, since the Civil Code of the Russian Federation did not have rules regulating the content, procedure for conclusion, termination and other important aspects of a marriage contract. The main legal purpose of a marriage contract is to determine the legal regime of the spouses’ property and other property relationships for the future. The experience of foreign countries and Russia in recent years shows that more and more middle-income people, when getting married, enter into prenuptial agreements. This is probably due to the increase in the number of divorces and the desire of spouses to protect themselves from property losses in the event of divorce.

The marriage contract has become a legal reality in Russia. According to the newspaper “Arguments and Facts”, in the first year of the Family Code in the Russian Federation alone, about 1.5 thousand marriage contracts were concluded. And yet, it is not designed for the mass consumer, and therefore not all persons entering into marriage enter into a marriage contract.

In Omsk, there are still few marriage contracts; many people consult notaries about their conclusion. The peak of prenuptial agreements in Omsk occurred in 1995-1996, when prenuptial agreements were allowed by law, and at the same time, it was during this period that a whole wave of new “Russians” appeared in Omsk, and at the same time, the fashion among them for brides much younger than themselves. Often, the initiators of concluding marriage contracts are future fathers-in-law and mothers-in-law, who understand better than the young that although marriages are made in heaven, they are broken on the ground, and therefore they give the young people an ultimatum: either a marriage contract, or we don’t give money for an apartment, or we don’t give away an apartment, a car, etc.

It should be noted that although the RF IC speaks of “nuptial agreements,” in practice the expressions “nuptial agreement” or “nuptial agreement” are often used, and they are synonymous. So, a marriage contract is recognized as an agreement between persons entering into marriage, or an agreement between spouses (i.e., persons already married), defining their property rights and obligations in the marriage and in the event of its dissolution (Article 40 of the RF IC). By its legal nature, a marriage contract is a type of civil law contract that has certain specifics. In it, spouses (future spouses) establish for themselves the “rules of the game” and these rules they are obliged to follow.

The marriage contract must be concluded in writing and notarized (clause 2 of Article 41 of the RF IC) by placing an certifying inscription on the document. Failure to comply with the notarial form of the marriage contract entails its invalidity (nullity) - clause 1 of Art. 165 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. But in relation to the form of the marriage contract, the exception contained in paragraph 2 of Art. 165 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation: if the agreement (which must be in written form!) was not notarized, but one of the parties to the marriage contract has begun its actual execution, and the other evades notarization, then in such a situation the agreement can be recognized by the court as valid. In this case, subsequent notarization of the agreement is no longer required.

A marriage contract can be concluded both before the marriage is registered and after the marriage. If the marriage contract was concluded before the registration of the marriage, then it comes into force only from the date of registration of the marriage with the registry office. In this case, the marriage contract is a conditional transaction with a suspensive condition. If a man and a woman living together for a long time as husband and wife without registering a marriage have entered into a marriage contract, then the mere fact of concluding a marriage contract does not give rise to any legal consequences for them. In order for the agreement to come into force, it is necessary to register the marriage with the registry office, since the current legislation recognizes only such a marriage (clause 2 of article 1 of the RF IC). And in any case, if the parties intended to register a marriage and, in connection with this, entered into a marriage contract, it will not acquire legal force if the marriage is never concluded.

Family law does not regulate how soon after the conclusion of a marriage contract a marriage must be registered so that this marriage contract can acquire legal force with the registration of the marriage. In other words, the real situation is when the parties conclude (and notarize!) a marriage contract five, ten, fifteen years before registering the marriage. Does such an agreement remain in force, i.e. did it come into effect after the registration of the marriage, so distant from the date of conclusion of the marriage contract? The RF IC does not answer this question. Since the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation can be applied subsidiarily to family relations, it seems that the norms of Art. 429 of the Civil Code on a preliminary agreement, which is valid for one year after its conclusion, if the duration of its validity is not indicated in the agreement itself.

Of course, it would be better to resolve this issue at the legal level. If a marriage contract is concluded after the registration of the marriage (no matter how much time has passed after it), it comes into force from the moment of its notarization and can regulate the legal regime of the property of the spouses, already acquired or that which may be acquired in the future.

A marriage contract can be concluded either for a specific period (fixed-term contract) or without specifying a period (perpetual contract).

A fixed-term agreement will regulate the legal regime of the spouses’ property, their property rights and obligations only during the period of validity of the agreement.

For example, if the contract stipulates that the income received by each spouse becomes his personal property, then in a fixed-term contract this will apply only to those incomes that will be received by the spouses during the period of validity of the fixed-term contract, and not for the entire duration of the marriage.

Spouses can link the moment of entry into force of the marriage contract (or any part thereof) with a certain legal fact (event or action) that will occur or may occur in the future. Such a fact may depend (legal action) or not depend on the will of the spouses (legal event).

For example, a marriage contract may stipulate that in the event of the birth of a child, the apartment inherited by the husband after the death of his grandmother becomes the joint property of the spouses, i.e. their common property.

Or: if the son leaves for permanent residence abroad, the car purchased during the period of marriage of the spouses becomes the exclusive property of the husband. If the marriage between the spouses is officially dissolved, then there is no point in concluding a prenuptial agreement. But if the marriage was dissolved in court before May 1, 1996, and the divorce has not yet been registered in the registry office in accordance with the established procedure, the possibility of concluding a marriage contract remains (since the marriage in such cases is not considered dissolved until the divorce is registered in the registry office by at least one of spouses).

A marriage contract presupposes a special composition of subjects. The subjects, or participants, of a marriage contract are both persons intending to get married and citizens who have already entered into a legal marriage, i.e. spouses.

Not all issues relating to the subject composition of a marriage contract are not clearly regulated in the Family Code. For example, can a marriage contract be concluded by a representative by proxy? Or the guardian of a spouse declared incompetent due to a mental disorder with another spouse? Or is this a contract of a strictly personal nature and representation is inadmissible here? In the literature, opposing points of view are expressed on this matter.

It seems that indeed, unlike most other property transactions, a marriage contract is inextricably linked to the identity of its participants, and therefore cannot be concluded with the participation of a legal representative.

In foreign countries, the procedure for concluding a marriage contract also, as a rule, requires compliance with written form and the presence of the spouses. For example, in France, a marriage contract must be notarized. In Italy, it must be registered with local authorities, and if the contract contains conditions relating to real estate, then also with the authorities that register real estate transactions.

Having regulated the relations of joint property of spouses, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, giving way to the prevailing stereotypes, allowed the IC of the Russian Federation to regulate only “details”, in particular concerning the rules for determining shares in the common property of spouses during its division and the procedure for such division (clause 4 of Article 256).

It seems that the inclusion of the institution of a marriage contract (and at the same time the contractual regime of the property of the spouses) not in the Civil Code, but in the RF IC is explained by a certain “timidity” of the legislator, who for the first time in the history of the post-revolutionary period finally allowed the spouses to determine the regime of their property themselves , which was a significant, but only the first step in this direction.

I would like to hope that with further improvement of legislation, the legislator will dare to take the second step - to legally qualify a marriage contract as a civil legal transaction (agreement) with all the ensuing legal consequences, which, in essence, it is at the present time. Until this is done, many issues related to the marriage contract must be resolved taking into account the fact that the marriage contract is of a civil law nature, although it is regulated by the norms of the current RF IC. It is obvious that the legislator is following exactly this path, placing the institution of a marriage contract in the RF IC, but “forgetting” to regulate a number of important points. As an example, we can mention the points relating to the conclusion of a marriage contract. Already at this stage, in particular, the question arises as to whether a marriage contract can be concluded through a representative?

This question has already arisen in the legal literature, and there is no uniform opinion regarding the answer to it among scientists. It seems that, despite the fact that the law does not contain a direct prohibition on concluding a marriage contract with the participation of a representative, such a prohibition should be implied, as has already been noted in the literature. Despite the fact that a marriage contract regulates the property relations of the parties, it is very significantly “colored” by personal connections, trust in the relationship of the spouses, and therefore clearly refers to transactions that, by their nature, can only be completed in person. Conducting such transactions through a representative is prohibited by virtue of the direct instructions of the law (Clause 4 of Article 182 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). At the same time, there should be one reasonable exception to this general rule. In cases where one of the spouses was declared legally incompetent during the marriage and the guardian appointed to him (who in this case is not the other spouse) believes that the conclusion of a marriage contract on terms agreed upon with the other spouses is in the interests of the ward, it is directed to protect his property rights, the conclusion of a marriage contract should be allowed (just as current legislation allows divorce at the request of the guardian of the spouse recognized by the court as incompetent - clause 2 of Article 16 of the RF IC). At the same time, a mandatory condition for concluding a marriage contract (and its validity) in this case must be the preliminary permission to conclude a contract from the guardianship and trusteeship authority.

Obviously, permission will only have legal force (and actually protect the rights of the ward spouse) if it is given for the conclusion of a specific agreement, in the version submitted to the guardianship and trusteeship authority.

It is advisable to include the corresponding rules in the RF IC. Another question arises regarding the validity period of the marriage contract, if it was concluded when there was no marriage yet. After all, an agreement under current legislation can be concluded at any time after the registration of a marriage, and before its registration (with entry into force from the date of registration of the marriage, even if such an agreement was concluded by persons in an actual marital relationship).

How soon after the conclusion of a marriage contract must a marriage be registered in order for a marriage contract concluded before its registration to become valid? In other words, the real situation is when the parties enter into a marriage contract five, ten, fifteen years before registering the marriage. Does such an agreement remain in force, i.e. did it come into effect after the marriage was registered so distant from the date of its conclusion? The RF IC does not answer this question. Since the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation can be applied subsidiarily to family relations, it seems correct to apply the norms of Art. 429 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on a preliminary agreement, which is valid for one year after its conclusion, if the term of its validity is not indicated in the agreement.

It is advisable to resolve this issue directly in the law. If a marriage contract is concluded after the marriage is registered, it can regulate the legal regime of the spouses’ property, both acquired at the time of the conclusion of the contract, and that which may be acquired in the future. However, it should be assumed that in cases where the parties did not include a condition on its retroactive effect in the contract, did not determine the regime of property already acquired in marriage at the time of conclusion of the contract, the latter retains the regime of joint property of the spouses, and the validity of the marriage contract should extend only on property that will be acquired during marriage after the entry into force of the contract.

When resolving another issue that has increasingly arisen in recent years in judicial practice, it should be borne in mind that if the marriage between the spouses is officially dissolved, then it is obvious that after that there is no point in concluding a marriage contract. But if the marriage was dissolved in court before May 1, 1996, and the divorce has not yet been registered in the registry office in accordance with the established procedure, the possibility of concluding a marriage contract remains (since the marriage in such cases is not considered dissolved until the divorce is registered in the registry office by at least one of spouses).

Further. The marriage contract in accordance with Art. 42 of the RF IC, spouses can determine that each of them owns jointly acquired real estate. Moreover, they can, by concluding a prenuptial agreement, actually gift their personal real estate to each other. For example, a marriage contract may provide for both the personal ownership right of one of the spouses to jointly acquired real estate, and to real estate already owned by the other spouse as personal property. So, for example, a marriage contract may provide that a specific apartment, dacha, land plot, enterprise or non-residential premises, owned by the right of ownership only to the husband as acquired by him before marriage, becomes the personal property of the wife (or the common joint property of the spouses).

In the legal literature, the opinion has been expressed that a marriage contract cannot change the regime of separate property of spouses to common property (both shared and joint). In support of this thesis, T.I. Zaitseva points out that Art. 42 of the RF IC contradicts Art. 256 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, despite the fact that civil law norms contained not only in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, but also in other laws, cannot contradict the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

According to another point of view, a marriage contract, in principle, may contain conditions on the transfer of property belonging to one of the spouses to the common property of the spouses (both shared and joint), or on the transfer of the property of one of the spouses to the other spouse, but, firstly, civil law rules on a gift or exchange agreement cannot be applied to such agreements, since we are talking about an independent – ​​marriage – contract, and secondly, such conditions can be included in a marriage contract as one of its conditions, but cannot act the only content of the marriage contract, because in the latter case we are dealing with an ordinary civil law contract - donations, exchanges, purchases and sales.

It seems that, based on the current version of Art. 42 of the RF IC, it should be recognized that there are no obstacles to this kind of agreements between spouses, and a marriage contract, therefore, is, along with an ordinary civil law transaction (donations, exchanges, purchases and sales) another legal basis for the transfer of rights ownership or establishment of a regime of common ownership of this or that property. Another thing is that the need to use a marriage contract as a legal instrument that “duplicates” traditional civil law transactions is very problematic. The inconsistency of Art. has already been noted in the literature. 42 RF IC and Art. 256 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, however, with the statement that “The Civil Code and the Family Code have the same legal force: both are federal laws. Therefore, unfortunately, the Civil Code does not have priority in this area.” It seems, however, that it is precisely in this case that the Civil Code takes precedence. Since a marriage contract is a civil contract (which is also recognized by the authors of the above quotation), then in full accordance with paragraph 2 of Art. 3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation “the norms of civil law contained in other laws must comply with this Code.”

It is obvious that in cases where the transaction itself and (or) the transfer of ownership of property are subject to state registration, the ownership right ceases with one spouse and arises with the other (or the type of ownership changes - separate, shared, joint) only from the moment of state registration relevant transaction and (or) transfer of rights to property.

Based on the current version of Art. 42 of the RF IC, which allows, with the help of a marriage contract, to transfer ownership of property, including (and, above all), real estate, as well as change the type (mode) of ownership of it, it should be recognized that on the basis of an existing marriage contract any of the spouses, to whom, by virtue of this agreement, the right of ownership or share in the right of ownership of property belonging to the other spouse is transferred, has the right to demand state registration of this right and, if the other spouse refuses to submit an application for registration, has the right to demand such registration in court ( which does not deprive the other spouse of the opportunity to file a counterclaim to invalidate the marriage contract on the grounds provided for by law).

Types of contracts

Attention! The articles describe typical ways to resolve legal issues, but each case is unique. If you want to find out how to solve your particular problem - and get a free consultation:

The article on family law in many developing countries states that the provisions of the marriage contract should not violate the equal status of married persons, cancel the duty of fidelity, support and assistance, and also limit the rights and obligations of citizens who are just planning to seal their union.

Abroad, for example, in France, spouses can specify in the contract one of four property regimes:

• community of all property;
• community only of the property acquired during the marriage;
• determination of shared rights between spouses;
• after a divorce, one of the spouses has the right to choose part of the objects from the jointly purchased property.

In Russian legislation, a marriage contract, depending on the subject of the transaction, is of the following types:

• determining the form of ownership of the common property of the spouses;
• providing only for the ownership of property acquired by spouses from accumulated funds during the period of residence in a registered marriage, it is more often called shared use.

Basic principles and principles

Revealing the essence of this type of law, it is necessary to take into account the individuality of the methods of regulation, as well as the basic principles or, in other words, the principles.

They reflect the individual characteristics of the industry. Basic principles are provisions that determine the immediate essence of legislation.

Without them, it is impossible to correctly interpret and use the norms. All family law is based on them. The principles of family law are listed below.

Recognition of marital relations concluded by the registering authority. Since 1917, registration in the church was canceled and only the civil form is recognized as valid.

Accordingly, other relations are not recognized by law and do not have legally significant consequences. Ordinary living together cannot be recognized as marriage.

A man and a woman in such a relationship do not have rights and responsibilities according to the UK. The significance of official registration lies precisely in the recognition of the relationship by the public masses. Only a stamp in the passport and the corresponding certificate give legally significant powers to the husband and wife.

Voluntariness of marriage registration. This means that each person has the right to independently choose his soul mate to create a unit of society.

Mutual and personal consent to registration is considered a prerequisite for the registry office . Therefore, the bride and groom are asked if they agree to be husband and wife of their own free will and without coercion. Also, this principle does not require the consent of third parties to marry.

Divorce in the registry office is possible by mutual consent. Only the registering authority will dissolve the marriage if there are no children. It is also possible to divorce at the request of either party through the court.

The court does not have the right to refuse to accept applications. An exception is the impossibility of divorce on the initiative of a man if his wife is pregnant or has a baby under 1 year of age.

The presence of equality of both spouses . It implies equal rights in relation to property, maintenance of offspring, and so on. Let's say the mother and father have equal rights to the child. During a divorce, joint property is divided into equal parts, unless otherwise provided by the marriage contract.

Resolving disagreements within the family by mutual agreement. The principle is aimed at solving family-level issues. This could be, for example:

• marriage contract;
• the ability to manage things;
• drawing up an agreement on payment of alimony;
• the procedure for paying expenses by both parties;
• choice of educational institution.

That is, spouses have every right to establish individual conditions by mutual agreement. Suppose a marriage contract can determine that the income of the company that the husband is involved in belongs to the family, and the enterprise itself belongs only to him.

Advantage regarding raising offspring. It withdraws from the convention on the rights of children under eighteen years of age. The state ensures the protection of the rights of minors.

Of particular importance is the provision of the opportunity to live with a family. This is what allows us to provide an individual approach to all children regarding their physical and psychological characteristics.

This legislation also determines the forms of determining offspring in families in the form of: adoption, guardianship or foster family.

Ensuring the protection of the interests of disabled family members . The social unit as united entities involves providing any assistance.

Disabled members of the family need such support more than other members. After all, this category of people is deprived of the chance to provide for themselves.

Therefore, the law obliges parents to support their offspring. When children grow up, they are obliged to help their disabled parents. If these obligations are not fulfilled by the subject, he may be held accountable through the courts.

Ensuring the use of rights . Suppose the father lives separately from the offspring. He has every right to communicate with him, his mother cannot interfere with him. All the beginnings, in other words, the principles of family law form its basis. This type of legislation is based on them.

Taxes

As is known, when selling real estate, citizens are charged an income tax deduction from individuals if the transaction is repeated within five years.
But, if you transfer property to your spouse through a marriage contract, you can avoid this deduction. When signing a marriage contract, spouses must stipulate in it only one specific piece of real estate and insist on the exclusion of all clauses that are not related to this property. The distribution of deductions for an apartment between spouses is determined by the owners based on their property rights. In the shared mode, the deduction amounts are redistributed in proportion to the shared participation.

When touching on the issue of tax deductions, it is worth translating the topic to a description of the types of deductions:

• property tax deduction;
• social tax deduction.

Property deduction is carried out when buying or selling real estate, as well as from interest on a mortgage loan.

Social deductions take place for a child’s education, treatment (including close relatives), insurance, and charity.

Invalidation of the contract

The most common reason for a marriage contract to be declared invalid is the conditions set by the spouse, under which the second spouse finds himself in the most unfavorable living conditions.

In the civil legislation of the Russian Federation, the entire § 2 of the Civil Code is devoted to invalid transactions. The article contains the conditions on the basis of which contractual relations can be declared invalid, the consequences that invalid transactions may entail, as well as the statute of limitations applicable to invalid contracts. The prenuptial agreement is also regulated by this legislation.

To summarize the above, we can conclude: a marriage contract is a kind of safety net for citizens planning to tie the knot. This agreement will help ensure a decent life after a divorce, not lose property that was purchased with common family money, and fairly divide all material assets.

Attention! Due to recent changes in legislation, the legal information in this article may be out of date! Our lawyer can advise you free of charge - write your question in the form below:

Legislative acts

Family legislation of the Russian Federation dates back to 1968. It was at this time that the basics of family law were adopted. In March 1996, the Family Code (RF IC) was adopted.

Main legislative acts:

• Family code.
• The Civil Code regulates some issues that are not included in the Civil Code. Both legislative documents have a clear relationship. The Civil Code regulates personal non-property and non-property relations, inheritance and other social interactions.
• Federal Law No. 255, regulating the payment of benefits from the Social Insurance Fund.
• Ch. No. 41 Labor Code.
• Federal Law No. 256 provides assistance to families with minors.

Along with the indicated acts, some issues may be regulated by acts:

• President: various decrees and orders;
• Governments: regulations and orders.

Each of the legislative acts regulates a separate topic of family relations. Family legislation is under the attention of the authorities and regulates the interaction between subjects of social units.