The retirement age, established in the USSR in 1932, is still in effect in Russia to this day. However, in May 2021, a bill was passed aimed at increasing the retirement age of civil servants and came into force in January 2021. With the entry into force of the new law, certain categories of persons received the right to receive an early pension, taking into account compliance with the requirements for the amount of special experience of the person, his type of activity and other circumstances.
What are the conditions for retirement in 2021? What are the requirements for retirement age? Under what conditions is early retirement possible? Is the retirement age expected to increase? We will try to answer these questions in this article.
Old age insurance pension
An insurance pension is a regular cash payment that is formed from insurance premiums accrued by the employer during the official work of its employees and a fixed payment financed by the state. There are 3 types of insurance pension:
- old age (a person has reached the legally accepted retirement age of 60 years for men and 55 years for women);
- for disability (the citizen received/confirmed disability);
- in case of loss of a breadwinner (due to the death of one or more breadwinners in the family).
The conditions for accessing each type of pension are different. The main conditions for assigning old-age pension payments in 2021 are:
- compliance with the age giving the right to a pension (55/60 years);
- having the required number of points (11.4);
- availability of the required insurance experience (8 years).
The length of the insurance period depends on the year in which the person applies for pension payments. Every year its value increases by a year until it reaches 15 years. Thus, applicants in 2021 must have 9 years of experience, after 2024 - 15. If this is not available, the person is assigned social benefits.
Amendments to the Federal Law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Regarding Increasing the Retirement Age for Certain Categories of Citizens” dated January 1, 2015 No. 143-FZ oblige all applicants to have an IPC (individual pension coefficient), which in turn grows by 2 annually .4 units and by 2024 will reach 30 points. The value of the IPC is influenced by the presence of official employment, the amount of all contributions made by the employer to the Pension Fund, and the duration of the working period. Thus, the IPC has a direct impact on the amount of pension payments.
Important! Until January 1, 2015, the pension was called a labor pension, consisted of an insurance and funded part and was regulated by the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions” dated December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ. In 2015, in connection with the entry into force of the Federal Law “On Insurance Pensions” dated December 28, 2013 No. 400-FZ, the labor pension was eliminated, and its parts became full-fledged types of pensions
Registration of old-age pension payments is carried out on an application basis - this means that a citizen must contact the Pension Fund of Russia office with a written application, as well as a package of necessary documents, in order to receive the monthly payments due to him. They are not assigned to insured persons automatically.
Pension payments may be increased due to a certain coefficient, which is applied if the applicant applied later than he could in accordance with the current law. Annual indexation or possible recalculation of the assigned amount can also lead to an increase in pension.
More detailed information about the old-age insurance pension can be found in the article “Old-age insurance pension”.
Approved provisions of pension reform in Russia
The federal law on raising the retirement age, signed the day before by the President of the Russian Federation, provides for:
- From January 1, 2021, a gradual increase in the age at which an old-age insurance pension is assigned for citizens of the Russian Federation:
- up to 65 years in men;
- up to 60 years in women.
- In addition, the age at which family members of a deceased breadwinner may be declared incapacitated to receive a survivor's insurance pension is increasing. This age is similar to the new retirement age.
- For those citizens who in 2021 and 2021 will reach the retirement age established by law as amended in 2018, there is an opportunity to retire six months earlier than established by this Federal Law.
- At the same time, persons with an insurance record of at least 42 and 37 years (men and women, respectively) are given the right to receive an old-age insurance pension 2 years earlier than reaching the retirement age generally established for all citizens. But for those citizens who worked in the Far North and equivalent areas, the retirement age is also increased by 5 years for both men and women.
- For public sector employees: teaching, medical and creative workers who have the right to early retirement taking into account special length of service, a gradual increase in the retirement age by 5 years was also introduced.
- Mothers of many children received the right to early retirement if they have 15 years of insurance experience (women who gave birth and raised 3 children will receive pensions at 57 years old, women who gave birth and raised 4 children - at 56 years old, women who gave birth and raised 5 and more than children, pensions, as now, will be granted at age 55).
- Citizens holding government positions in the Russian Federation, government positions in constituent entities of the Russian Federation, positions in the state civil service of the Russian Federation and positions in the municipal service, that is, officials, will retain their retirement age:
- 65 years for men;
- Age 63 for women, established by legislative amendments introduced in 2021. In this case, the age increase will be carried out by 1 year per year (currently by 6 months per year).
The current procedure for assigning a funded pension, an urgent pension payment and a lump sum payment to citizens remains in the order currently in force.
At the same time, citizens receive the right to increased pensions and social protection in the form of a new procedure for indexing insurance pensions. This means that from January 1, 2021, pensions will be indexed above the inflation rate. From January 1, 2021, the fixed payment to the insurance pension for pensioners with at least 30 years of work experience in agriculture will be increased by 25%. To provide citizens of pre-retirement age with measures of social support and benefits, a special procedure for the exchange of information will be established between the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, authorities, employers and citizens.
From January 1, 2021, a new procedure for paying unemployment benefits to citizens recognized as unemployed is being introduced:
- the duration of benefit payment has been reduced to 6 months;
- the benefit amount was increased from 850 rubles to 1,500 rubles per month - minimum, from 4,900 rubles to 8,000 rubles per month - maximum;
- for citizens of pre-retirement age (that is, within 5 years before the age entitling them to an old-age insurance pension), unemployment benefits will be paid for up to 12 months, and its maximum amount will be 11,280 rubles. per month.
- For citizens with more than 25 and 20 years of service for men and women, respectively, the duration of benefit payment increases by 2 weeks for each year of work exceeding the insurance period of the specified duration, but not more than 24 months.
In addition, citizens recognized as officially unemployed retain the right to receive an old-age pension early (2 years before the age that gives the right to receive such a pension, including early).
Early retirement
A pension assigned by the Pension Fund of Russia in connection with certain circumstances before the applicant reaches the generally accepted retirement age is called early. The requirements for insured citizens who wish to receive insurance payments ahead of schedule are described in detail in Articles 30, 31 and 32 of the Federal Law “On Insurance Pensions”.
Workers in certain professions, people belonging to certain social groups, as well as citizens who lost their jobs as a result of layoffs while approaching retirement age can apply for early payment. The more difficult the working conditions, the sooner a person is given the opportunity to retire. The categories of persons entitled to these payments include:
- workers of underground structures, persons whose work took place in hazardous conditions or in hot workshops;
- mothers of many children with 5 or more children;
- visually impaired;
- railway workers;
- persons who were involved in operating heavy equipment;
- citizens with rare genetic diseases;
- geological prospectors and search engines;
- employees of sea and river vessels;
- employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations;
- father or mother of a disabled child;
- guardians of disabled children;
- unemployed men (from 57 years old) and women (from 53 years old) who lost their existing jobs for certain reasons;
- people who have become disabled as a result of military service;
- civil servants, teachers, doctors and others.
To apply for an early pension, the applicant must have with him original documents confirming the special experience specified in the application. In addition, you must have a passport, SNILS, and work book with you. Early pension payments are accrued from the date of application to the Pension Fund branch, subject to receipt of the right to it.
Important! Early pension payments will be suspended if the person is officially employed again.
Residents and workers of the Far North
Persons employed in the regions of the Far North, as well as places that are officially equated to these territories, can receive pension payments ahead of schedule. In addition, the pension can be indexed and increased in connection with living or working in these territories. Early retirement of workers in the Far North is possible thanks to additional calculations made by employers to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation throughout the entire period of the employee’s work.
Men are granted pensions from the age of 55, women from 50. To retire, persons working in an area that is officially equated with the regions of the Far North must have 20 years of insurance experience. The retirement age of a person working in the Far North decreases annually by 4 months from the moment his insurance coverage reaches 7.5 years. Moreover, a year of work in areas equated to the territory of the Far North is comparable to 9 months of work in the Far North.
Dependence of length of service in these territories on the age at which an insurance pension is assigned
The retirement age directly depends on the number of years worked in the Far North or areas equivalent to it. The dependence of the length of service obtained in these territories on the age at which the insurance pension is assigned is reflected in the comparative table.
| Experience in the Far North (men) (in years) | Age of appointment of pension payments (year and month) | Experience in the Far North (women) (in years) | Age of appointment of pension payments (year and month) |
| 15 l. | 55 l. | 15 l. | 50 l. |
| 14 l. | 55 l. 4m. | 14 l. | 50 l. 4 m. |
| 13 l. | 55 l. 8 m. | 13 l. | 50 l. 8 m. |
| 10 l. | 56 l. 8 m. | 10 l. | 51 g. 8 m. |
| 9 l. | 57 l. | 9 l. | 52 years old |
| 8 l. | 57 l. 4 m. | 8 l. | 52 g. 4 m. |
| 7.5 l. | 57 l. 8 m. | 7.5 l. | 52 g. 8 m. |
Dependence of length of service on the area in which the citizen worked
In order not to lose years of insurance experience, years of work in places equated to the Far North and in the Far North are equalized or equalized. Thus, it is possible to derive the total amount of insurance experience of one person. To calculate your total length of service, you can use this table.
| Experience in the Far North | Experience in the Far North |
| 1 year | 9 m. |
| 2 years | 1 year 6 m. |
| 3 years | 2 years 3 months |
| 4 years | 3 years |
| 5 l. | 3 years 9 months |
| 10 l. | 7 l. 6 m. |
| 20 l. | 15 l. |
Example: Citizen K. worked for 11 years in Severodvinsk (KS) and 2 years in Petrazavodsk (which is included in the list of territories equated to the territories of the KS). 2 years must be equated to the length of service that could have been in the Far North itself. To do this, 2 is multiplied by 9 m, resulting in 1 year and 6 months. The two lengths of experience are added together and the result is 12 years and 6 months of experience. Accordingly, citizen K. is assigned a pension of 50 years and 10 months
Men who have been hunting and fishing for 25 years, and women for 20 years in the Far North, have the right to retire at the ages of 50 and 45 years. In this case, the amount of total insurance experience does not matter.
More detailed information on the appointment and registration of an early pension can be found in the article “Early pension”.
Conditions for assigning pensions
The size of a civil servant's pension in 2021 is 45-75% of average monthly earnings. For exceeding the minimum length of service, an additional 3% is charged. But the total size should not exceed the mentioned 75%.
Federal employees can apply for double pay if they have completed length of service, reached retirement age, and have a number of pension points not lower than the established average.
Military personnel are entitled to monetary allowance. With 20 years of service, the pension allowance will be 50% of the salary. If the service lasted longer, then for each extra-term year an increase of 3% is due.
The accrual “ceiling” is 85% of the monthly allowance. Payments are calculated based on salary and benefits. All this adds up to one amount, of which half is taken. If you have more than 20 years of experience, the amount received increases by 3% for each year. A regional coefficient is added to the pay of those who have served at least 15 years in the Far North.
But a reduction factor also applies to everyone. In 2020 it is 0.7368. If a serviceman does not have the required length of service, he is deprived of the right to a military pension.
You can find out what kind of pension civil servants have in Russia and what the amount of payments is for each specific recipient, based on the provisions of the Federal Law “On State Pension Security in the Russian Federation”.
Ex-high-level officials receive up to 80 thousand rubles. with the minimum required experience. Years of service beyond the required amount increases the amount of payments.
Former prime ministers of the country receive a pension in the amount of 55-75% of the salary of the current head of the Cabinet of Ministers, namely 300-425 thousand rubles monthly. In addition to these amounts, ex-prime ministers have a labor salary of 19 thousand rubles. Other former officials have somewhat more modest pension payments.
Civil servants include Russians who work in government agencies and receive money from budget funds for this. It should be noted that not every employee of a government agency is considered a civil servant.
These are only those who have been endowed with the functions of power, command, and management. The list of persons classified as civil servants is contained in the Federal Law dated June 27, 2004, number 79.
In order to apply for a long service pension, in addition to the application, you will need to prepare the following set of papers:
- passport (photocopy and original);
- a statement of the average monthly salary of a civil servant for the previous 12 months;
- an extract containing information about the position;
- photocopy of the work book;
- photocopy of the dismissal decree;
- photocopy of military ID;
- other documents confirming civil service for a certain period.
The application can be submitted by mail, during a personal visit to the Pension Fund/MFC. The petition can also be submitted by a representative of the pensioner.
Pension payments are provided monthly. A citizen has the right to choose a company that will deliver money. In this case, the pensioner’s representative can receive the money if there is a notarized power of attorney.
Money can be delivered to the recipient in one of the following ways:
- Russian Post. The money is delivered directly to the pensioner’s home. If a citizen does not receive a pension for 6 months, payments are suspended. To resume payments, you need to submit an application to the Russian Pension Fund.
- Banking organization. Money can be received at a bank teller. A pensioner can also make a card and withdraw funds through an ATM.
- A company that specializes in the delivery of cash payments. A pensioner can either come to the appropriate institution to collect the money themselves or have it delivered to their home.
Reference! To select a delivery method or change it, you must submit an application to the institution of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation that assigned the pension.
When determining the size of the pension, only those payments for the last year that the Russian received in the civil service are taken into account.
If a pensioner was employed in another non-state organization for the previous 12 months, the money he received as salary will not be included in the calculation.
The average salary for 12 months is calculated by adding up all the money a person received during the year.
After this, the amount is divided by 12. The calculation includes:
- monthly salary received;
- monthly supplement received;
- material incentives;
- monthly/one-time bonus payments.
The calculation ignores periods when a citizen:
- is on unpaid leave;
- was on maternity leave;
- was temporarily disabled.
The amount obtained when calculating the average earnings for 12 months should not be more than 2.8 of the salary that is established for a certain position.
Also, the amount of pension provision is influenced by the length of service accumulated by a Russian. It calculates the percentage of average monthly earnings that will be provided to Russians in the form of pension payments. For 15 years of service, a citizen receives 45 percent of the average monthly salary. For each additional year, another 3 percent is added.
Attention! The largest pension amount is determined by law. It cannot be more than 75 percent of the average monthly salary of a Russian.
To calculate pension benefits, the salary is multiplied by a certain percentage. The result of the multiplication will be the bonus that will be provided to the person.
Currently, the pension is calculated at 45% of average earnings if a person meets the criteria. For overtime in 3 years, another 3% of wages is added.
Important! The maximum amount cannot exceed 75% of the average income, even taking into account all benefits and allowances. Civil servants who are in difficult climatic conditions have the right to count on additional support.
When calculating payment in 2021, leave without pay, maternity leave, and various child care payments are not included. The amount of benefits calculated to be received during the period presented is also not taken into account in the final calculation. Money paid on the basis of sick leave is also not taken into account.
Indexation affected the pensions of prosecutors, judges and other civil servants. Since the pension provision of former employees did not grow, it was decided to index the pension annually - initially in 2021 by 4%, now also in 2021 by a similar figure. An increase of another 4% is planned in 2021. So far, the further initiative has received support from senior management.
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Judges' pensions will also be reviewed. It is planned to increase wages by 30%, but everything will depend on length of service.
Attention! Recalculation of pensions for civil servants is carried out on an annual basis in accordance with established rules.
Recalculation of longevity benefits is carried out annually if the employee continues to work. Accordingly, the calculation is based on the number of years of service.
According to current legal acts and decisions of the Government, pension insurance is also recalculated annually by increasing the fixed amount and increasing the consumer basket.
Indexation of the insurance pension is carried out annually, and benefits for age or disability also increase annually, but do not cover the category of officials. But a working pensioner will be able to count on an additional payment to the benefit based on the IPC received.
The insurance pension for civil servants is paid without taking into account the fixed payment; the general indexation procedure does not apply to this category of persons. And those who continued to work after receiving a pension have the right to receive an annual additional payment taking into account the individual coefficient.
The rule applies to all pensioners, including those who continue to work in a government agency or commercial organization.
Recalculation is carried out every year in early August after calculating individual points that have accumulated since the accrual of collateral on the calculation date.
Recalculation example
Based on length of service, the calculation is as follows. For example, state support for length of service for citizen P.P. Ivanov. assigned in the amount of 25,000 rubles. He worked the required period of time to receive a pension.
The recalculation of the pension in this case will look like this: 25,000 * 0.45 = 11,250 rubles.
Then he continued his activities to increase his income. He worked for another year. We get the following formula: 25000*0.45 3%*25000*1 year = 12000 rubles. This amount is payable after registration of the pension before the first period of recalculation, if the person continues to work in the civil service or in a commercial organization.
That is, from next year he will receive the presented amount..
Indexation for insurance payments. Ivanov P.P. issued two payments at once: for length of service and the insurance part. The pension based on individual points is 39. For 2021, the cost of the IPC is 93 rubles. Total: 39*93=3627 rubles.
As soon as Ivanov received his pension, he resigned from the government office (April) and moved to another job in a commercial organization. From the period of dismissal to the period of payment, the citizen accumulated points in the amount of 0.98. The additional payment will be 1.91 93 = 94.91 rubles. That is, in the next period he will already receive 3,721.91 rubles.
First, let's look at who is considered to be government employees and what specific professions can be included in their list. Federal state civil servants mean those employees of federal state civil institutions who, at the same time, receive monetary payments in connection with the performance of assigned duties and positions.
In other words, these are those citizens who occupy ordinary government positions and work exclusively in official positions.
Such employees include the following citizens:
- Law enforcement officers, for example, such as police officers.
- Military personnel, as well as those units that directly relate to them.
- Workers of the fire and tax services, as well as organizations whose responsibilities include maintaining law and order in the country.
- Employees of various regional institutions whose responsibilities directly include providing assistance and support to the local population.
Retirement age of judges
From the beginning of 2021, the retirement age of judges will increase by 0.5 years annually. Accordingly, in 2025, pensions will be assigned to male judges at 64.5 years old, and to female judges at 62.5 years old. Not only will the retirement age increase, but also the maximum possible period of work in a position, as well as the amount of insurance coverage. Now this public position can remain with judges up to 65 years of age, and the length of service must be at least 25 years for early retirement.
If pension provision was assigned to a person before 01/01/2017, these changes will not affect his payments. The amount of payments assigned to a person before this date was carried out according to the old system of formation of rights; accordingly, a judge could work in his position for only 20 years and retire at the age of 60.
Prosecutors' pensions
The pension provision of former people's representatives is determined by the law on their status. The latest changes have affected the length of parliamentary activity, after which the right to additional payment becomes available. Now people who have worked in the State Duma and the Federation Council for 5-10 years receive a pension equal to 55% of the deputy’s earnings. If the length of service is more than 10 years - 75%.
Important! Being a State Duma deputy for less than 5 years does not give a person the right to additional payment.
It is easy to calculate what kind of pension State Duma deputies receive, knowing the average monthly salary of servants of the people. Last year it amounted to 399.3 thousand rubles. The additional payment is calculated from the amount of the so-called monetary remuneration of the deputy of 84.8 thousand rubles. For those who worked in the State Duma from 5 to 10 years, pension payments will amount to 46.6 thousand rubles, for those who served as State Duma deputy for more than 10 years - 63.58 thousand rubles.
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At the end of 2021, the average salary of prosecutorial employees was 60 thousand rubles. It includes basic pay, bonus and additional payments. All 3 components are taken into account when calculating pension payments, which are exactly half of the salary.
In the past year, the pension content of prosecutors increased by 10-40% or 5-10 thousand rubles. and now amount to 26-30 thousand rubles.
Thus, the Government regulates the amount of pension payments for various categories of citizens, including civil servants. They are calculated individually, taking into account length of service, length of service, and working conditions.
Expert opinion
Elena Smirnova
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One of the benefits includes state allowances provided that you have a minimum work experience, which is equal to 15 years of service. And the amount of the bonus directly depends on the length of the length of service, since the larger its size, the more money is accrued. However, if there is a minimum type of experience, the bonus will be almost half of the employee’s previous salary.
Length of service plays the most important role when retiring, since it can affect its size and also when exactly a person can achieve the right to retire. Experience is divided into two types and can be general and special. But for most organizations, including government ones, it is calculated a little differently.
Expert opinion
Elena Smirnova
Pension lawyer, ready to answer your questions.
Ask me a question
Total length of service refers to the full period of time during which a person performed work. And it doesn’t matter where exactly he worked and what area he was in.
As for the special, in this case only that period of work activity is taken into account during which the person performed work exclusively in his professional field.
Now let's look at what is included in the length of service for civil servants upon retirement. This includes the following:
- Work experience, the duration of which must be at least 15 years;
- Well-deserved leave granted annually to recuperate;
- The period of time spent on sick leave.
The list of required documents includes:
- Prepared application in accordance with all requirements and writing form.
- Passport – original and copy.
- And additional documents, a list of which you can obtain directly by contacting the specified service.
The procedure may take some time, so don't expect everything to go quickly. Also, you need to submit an application with documents at a certain time, or more precisely, several months before retirement. This way you guarantee yourself a timely pension and retirement.
Retirement age of civil servants, including deputies
From January 1, 2017, officials can hold government positions only until they are 65 years old. Previously, the age was limited to 60 years. Heads of civil services will be able, if they wish, to extend their tenure in their positions by contacting a federal government agency or the appropriate official. The period of stay can be extended to 70 years; previously, such permission was issued personally by the President of the Russian Federation.
The length of service in a position was also increased; previously it was 15 years, after which an official could apply for a long-service pension. From the beginning of 2021, the length of service will increase by 0.5 years annually. Thus, officials retiring in 2020 will have to have 20 years of insurance experience.
Pension payments to persons affected by radiation and man-made disasters
Citizens injured in radiation or man-made disasters can receive one of three types of insurance pensions. Old-age payments are assigned to victims with a reduced retirement age. The age is reduced depending on the extent to which the citizen was injured and the nature of his injuries.
| Age of reduction of insurance period | Causes |
| 10 years | Liquidators of the Chernobyl accident from 1986 to 1987, evacuated citizens, disabled people as a result of this accident |
| 5 years | Liquidators of the Chernobyl disaster from 1988 to 1990; citizens with radiation or other diseases as a result of this event; Chernobyl NPP employees |
| 5 years +0.5 years for each year lived in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant zone | IDPs from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant zone |
| 3 years + 0.5 year for each year lived in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant zone; 2 years + 1 year for 3 years; 1 year + 1 year for 4 years | Residents from the Chernobyl resettlement zone before their relocation |
| 0.5 years for each year | Workers of the Chernobyl resettlement zone living in other areas |
A mandatory requirement for those wishing to retire early due to participation in or residence in an area associated with the Chernobyl tragedy is the presence of 11.4 units of IPC in 2021. Veterans or participants in military conflicts also have the right to early payments; for this they will need 20 years of military service and 10 years of insurance experience in civilian life. The person must be at least 50 years old.
Raising the retirement age
From 01/01/2017, the retirement age of government employees will be increased annually by six months to the extreme mark of 65 years. In addition, for the purpose of granting a long-service pension, the minimum insurance period for a position in government agencies will be increased annually by 6 months from 2021. By 2021 it will be 20 years.
In 2021, A. Kudrin, head of the Center for Strategic Research, put forward an initiative to increase the retirement age for all citizens to 63 years. However, Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets said that the decision on reform will be made in 2021 after the formation of a new government.
Increasing the retirement age in 2021
An ordinary citizen who has lived to see his “first gray hairs” knows that changes will not affect him yet. The law is still under development. But employees of executive bodies and municipalities need to strain themselves.
From January 1, 2021, the last group will reach retirement age at 55 years 6 months and 60 years 6 months. This normative act was signed by V.V. Putin and assumes an increase in repayment limits for public sector employees up to 60 and 65 years old. Only the increase will occur gradually, each year giving an increase of six months.
The same goes for seniority. Currently, the maximum length of service to receive additional payments for civil servants is 15 years. But in 5 years this figure will increase to 20 years. Thus, it will be even more difficult to earn additional money from the reserves of the Russian Pension Fund.
