Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 400-FZ

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The concept of “pension” is quite broad and includes various social payments to preferential categories of citizens. These include disabled people, minors without a breadwinner, and military personnel.

However, when they talk about pensions, they mainly mean payments to persons who have reached old age related to their previous work activities. We are talking about an insurance pension, the features of which are the subject of this article.

What it is

An old-age insurance pension is a cash benefit that is paid monthly to persons who have reached the appropriate retirement age. In essence, this type of social security is compensation for disability due to age.

In everyday life you can hear such wording as “labor pension”. Many believe that this concept is identical to that discussed in this article. However, it is not. Its formation largely depends on length of service, that is, the number of years worked. Since 2013, this form of pension provision is no longer used. It has been replaced by an insurance pension, the formation of which depends on the amount of insurance contributions to the Pension Fund paid by the employer for each employee. The higher they are, the more significant the payments will be.

Important! If a citizen is an individual entrepreneur, then he is obliged to pay insurance premiums for himself.

In addition, a similar principle for establishing payments is used when calculating the following types of benefits:

• Pensions for the loss of a breadwinner (if the latter had some insurance experience);
• Insurance (labor) disability pension (provided that the disabled person has officially worked for at least one day).

More information about the strass pension

How to apply for benefits

To receive support from the state, you need to send an application to the branch of the pension fund where the citizen lives or stays. You can submit it:

• independently or through a representative;
• by mail;
• through a multifunctional center;
• through the “Personal Account” by registering on the PF website.

Widows and children of military personnel killed while serving have the right to apply for a state pension in the event of the loss of a breadwinner.

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Required documents

To assign an old-age pension, a person who suffered as a result of the Chernobyl disaster must attach to the application, in addition to his passport and work book, the following certificates:

• about health, about diseases that are associated with radiation exposure;
• on participation in the liquidation of an accident;
• about living in a contaminated area;
• about working in a 30-kilometer zone.

To apply for a social disability pension, you need to collect a large number of papers, including an identity card, documents from a medical commission, certificates from the place of residence, about the number of family members, about the absence of other benefits.

Establishing payments from the state for children who were dependent on a citizen who died in service in the Russian army requires submitting along with the application a death certificate, documents confirming family ties and length of service, and a certificate from the place of residence.

Review period

After sending the application through the multifunctional center, in person or through a representative to the pension fund branch, specialists check the correctness of all documents, and a decision is made within a calendar month.

Conditions of appointment

To qualify for payments, a citizen must meet a number of conditions.

Reaching a certain retirement age

Previously, for men it was 60 years old, and for women 55. However, as a result of the start of reforms, the retirement age in the Russian Federation is increasing. This is a long and gradual process. The reform will be completed in 2034, when women will retire at 63 and men at 65.

Fact of contributions to the Pension Fund

Every month, the employer transfers money for each employee to extra-budgetary funds (FSS, MHIF and Pension Fund). Insurance premiums make up a certain percentage of the employee's salary. Accordingly, the higher the salary, the larger amounts are transferred to the Pension Fund.

The mere fact of working does not mean that the employee makes contributions to the pension fund. This applies, first of all, to workers who work unofficially. In addition, if an employee has a “gray” salary, this means that the transfer amounts are calculated only from the “white” salary. And this directly affects the size of future security.

Availability of a certain amount of IPC

IPC is an individual pension coefficient, expressed in pension points. They are calculated using a special formula that takes into account the amount of deductions for the calendar year. Also, a certain number of pension points are awarded for the periods :

1. completing compulsory military service;
2. being on maternity leave and caring for a child under the age of one and a half years;
3. caring for disabled persons (disabled children and citizens over 80 years old).

To qualify for an old-age insurance pension, a citizen must have at least 21 pension points. This applies to the current year, 2021. However, during the pension reform, the Government decided to gradually increase the requirements for the number of pension points for the assignment of this type of social security. The number of points will increase by 2.4 annually, reaching a value of 30.

Each point has a value expressed in rubles. In 2021, 1 point costs 98.86 kopecks. This indicator is taken into account when calculating the insurance pension and directly affects its size.

Having a minimum work experience

To qualify for an old-age insurance pension, a citizen had to have at least 6 years of work experience. However, as with pension points, this value increases by 12 months each year. So, in 2024, the minimum length of service will be 15 years.

If a citizen does not meet the criteria set out above, then he cannot apply for an old-age insurance pension. Instead, after reaching the appropriate retirement age, he will be accrued a social pension, the amount of which, for obvious reasons, is significantly lower.

From what date does the old age pension begin?

An old-age labor pension is usually assigned from the day the application for a pension is received, but in all cases not earlier than from the day the right to it arises. Clause 1 Art. 19 of the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” It happens that not all necessary documents are attached to the application for a pension or that preferential length of service requires confirmation. Then the future pensioner is given a deadline for submitting additional documents or for checking the preferential length of service. Usually this is three months from the date of application.

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My wife submitted her application and all documents for a preferential pension at the beginning of March this year. They were accepted without problems. But for some reason she received her first pension only in June. I want to know from what date the pension is calculated according to law?

How is the size determined?

The amount of old-age security is strictly individual and depends on the characteristics, duration and nature of the pensioner’s previous work activity. In addition, various allowances are added to the amount of the payment, for example, “northern coefficients” if a citizen has worked for a long time in the Far North.

Also, additional coefficients (called bonuses) take place in the case when a pensioner continues to work after reaching the appropriate age, that is, simply put, he retires later.

Calculation procedure

The formula for calculating the insurance pension consists of the following components:

SP = IPC x SPK + FV.

Explanation of the formula:

SP – insurance pension.

IPC is the sum of pension points.

SPK – the value of pension points.

FV – fixed payment.

The calculation is carried out automatically by the pension fund based on information about the applicant’s insurance experience.

Receipt procedure

If there are appropriate conditions that give the right to an insurance pension, a citizen should contact the territorial division of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation at his place of residence with documents confirming the right to this payment (work book, certificates of earnings, etc.). The applicant has the right to submit an application through the State Services portal, however, after its consideration, he is obliged to provide the original documents to the Pension Fund. Sample application:

After the pension fund makes a decision to assign payments, the money should be expected in the next calendar month.

A pensioner can receive his payments:

• at home;
• at the post office;
• to a bank card.

Pension portal of the Russian Federation

When submitting papers, a citizen must fill out a special application form. Its form, as well as a sample, can today be obtained from the Pension Fund branch or viewed on the Internet. Those who want to arm themselves with all the documents and quickly submit them for immediate processing can even do so from the Internet.

The process of registering pensions in Russia has been significantly simplified since this year. But citizens are still interested in the timing of pension accrual after submitting documents - every newly minted pensioner wants to know when he can receive his first payment.

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Fixed payment

Fixed benefit (FB) is a mandatory part of the insurance pension, which is added to it after calculating points. If a citizen was unable to meet the necessary criteria for receiving it, then he can only count on the amount of this payment without taking into account pension points.

Its size varies and depends on many factors. For example, the amount of the basic fixed payment in 2021 is 6044 rubles 48 kopecks. However, under certain conditions it becomes higher. Thus, citizens over 80 years old receive 11,372 rubles 50 kopecks.

Attention! The PV amounts are subject to annual upward adjustments.

If exit is early

Certain categories of citizens may qualify for early retirement. This applies mainly to persons working in special working conditions. These include, among others:

• medical workers;
• teaching staff;
• workers in environmentally unfavorable and hazardous industries.

Also, some citizens may retire earlier than due not due to difficult working conditions, but due to special circumstances. These include, for example:

• persons carrying out labor activities in territories belonging to the Far North with at least 15 years of experience;
• parents of disabled children;
• disabled combatants.

It is calculated using a similar method as the regular old-age insurance benefit and its amount is also based on wages and, as a consequence, the amount of contributions to the Pension Fund.

The old-age insurance pension is the most important measure of material support that senior citizens of working age have the right to count on. Its peculiarity is that its size is largely influenced by the amount of contributions to the Pension Fund, which means that if an employee receives a high salary, then in old age he can count on a high pension. If the length of service is not enough, then the state will only pay social benefits, the amount of which barely allows to satisfy the basic needs of a person.