What is the state pension and who receives it?

What is a state pension and what law governs it?

The state pension is monthly payments from the country's budget to people who, for some reason, are deprived of income or any means of subsistence. This is compensation for lost wages, as well as support from the state, which can be received either by those in need or by those who deserve it.

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Federal Law 166 “On state pension provision in the Russian Federation” clearly states the rights of who can apply for state benefits.

On state security have the right:

• civil servants at the federal level;
• military personnel;
• WWII participants;
• owners of the sign “To a resident of besieged Leningrad”;
• cosmonauts, test pilots;
• disabled people;
• victims of man-made and radiation disasters;
• close relatives of the above people according to the state pension law.

Not only Russians, but also foreigners and stateless persons permanently residing in Russia are entitled to receive payments if they fall under one of the categories.

If a person’s life circumstances are such that he is simultaneously eligible for several types of government. subsidies, he is given the opportunity to choose what is more profitable for himself. The law also provides for cases when a person can receive two payments at once. In this article we will look at the options for who can count on what pension.

Important! State aid is paid regardless of funded benefits. Assistance from the federal budget is issued only when specific circumstances arise.

Types of state pension

The legislation provides for different types of security for citizens. State pensions mean:

• for length of service;
• by old age;
• on disability;
• for loss of a breadwinner;
• social pension.

It happens that a citizen meets the requirements to receive two benefits at the same time. And the legislation provides for such situations. Let's consider who can receive what pensions:

Below we will analyze all types of state. provisions in more detail, to whom, when and in what amount they are due.

State old age pension

This subsidy is provided for people affected by radiation and man-made disasters. This includes those who worked, liquidated, and lived in the radiation exposure zone.

The conditions for assigning this financial assistance are different. Let's consider them depending on the gradation provided by law:

The condition of having work experience must also be met, referring to the law:

• No. 166-ФЗ dated December 15, 2001 – from 5 years;
• No. 1244-1 of May 15, 1991 + norms 400-FZ of December 28, 2013. – 15 years of experience and 30 pension points. At the same time, there is a gradual increase in length of service from 2015 to 2024, from 6 years to 15 years, respectively. Pension points also increase gradually from 2015 to 2025, by adding 6.6 points to the indicator. 2.4 b. annually.

The benefit is issued for an indefinite period, is assigned from the 1st day of the month of application, and is paid monthly.

The amount of state support for victims and liquidators of the disaster is 250% of the social security amount. pensions; for residents and workers of the irradiated area – 200%; for a disabled dependent in the family - an additional payment of 1208.90 rubles, but not more than for three.

For residents of the Far North and equivalent areas, the amount of the subsidy is calculated by adding the regional coefficient.

What is the state old age pension?

State pension provision is assigned to people affected by radiation or man-made accidents. Such compensation, of course, is not capable of replenishing lost health, but it still slightly compensates for the costs of treatment and preventive measures.

Who is entitled to

Old-age pension payments provided by the state are assigned to people who:

• received or suffered radiation sickness and other diseases that are associated with the effects of radiation;
• received disability due to the Chernobyl accident;
• eliminated the consequences of the Chernobyl accident in the exclusion zone;
• are engaged in the operation of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and work in the exclusion zone;
• were evacuated from the exclusion zone and resettled or are being resettled from the resettlement zone;
• live in the resettlement zone;
• live in places with preferential economic and social status;
• work in the resettlement zone;
• voluntarily left the resettlement zone;
• disabled, are relatives of persons who suffered due to radiation or a man-made accident.

State long service pension

The military, state employees at the federal level, test pilots and astronauts can count on security for production. When they reach retirement age, they also receive an insurance pension.

The pension is issued for an indefinite period, is assigned on the 1st day of the month of application, and is paid monthly.

State disability pension

Reliable to people of I, II and III disability groups with work experience of at least 1 day. The conditions for receiving disability and employment at the time of application do not matter. When a person is recognized as disabled, the medical and social examination sends supporting documents to the pension authority.

The benefit is issued as long as the disability is justified, or until old age benefits are due. After reaching retirement age, with 15 years of experience and 30 points of the pension coefficient, the disabled person will be entitled to insurance coverage.

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If by this age a person has not achieved the minimum indicators of length of service and points, then payments will be extended for another 5 years until the time comes to receive social assistance in old age.

The disability pension is paid monthly. If you have dependents, additional payments are provided. For disabled northerners, the pension is calculated taking into account the regional coefficient.

Who is offered the old age pension?

It is issued only to citizens who have officially worked for a sufficient amount of time to gain the required length of service and number of points. In 2021, this requires 11 years of experience and 18.6 points.

Since a large-scale pension reform was carried out in 2021, the above values ​​are gradually increasing. Therefore, by 2025, 15 years of experience and 30 points will be required. If it is not possible to achieve these indicators, then the person receives a social payment, the amount of which does not exceed the subsistence level.

The old-age pension is issued in an application form, and every citizen has the opportunity to check his points in his personal account on the Pension Fund website. Here you can submit applications for recalculation, receive statements or perform other actions without having to visit a branch of the institution.

Based on Federal Law No. 166, not only Russians have the right to pensions, but also foreigners who permanently reside in Russia and pay the required contributions. Social benefits are paid only to foreigners who have any merit to the Russian Federation. The size of the payment from the state is much higher than a regular insurance pension, since it compensates for the loss of potential income that a person could have received if he had not lost his ability to work or become a breadwinner.

State survivor's pension

The survivor's subsidy is paid to disabled family members in the event of the death of a military personnel, astronaut, as well as victims of radiation and man-made disasters. This assistance is issued every month as long as the person who is entitled to this benefit is disabled, or on a permanent basis. Appointed from the 1st day of the month of treatment.

These pensions are paid to families who have lost their breadwinner. Let's consider the payment terms:

• upon death of a military man during service or within 3 months after dismissal;
• upon the death of a military man, occurring after 3 months from the date of dismissal, due to injury or illness that occurred during service;
• people who suffered from radiation sickness or other diseases due to radiation during the disaster and liquidation of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant;
• people who became disabled due to the Chernobyl disaster;
• liquidators after the Chernobyl disaster;
• victims of radiation disasters other than Chernobyl. In this case, the conditions for receipt are regulated by local acts;
• death of cosmonauts with the title “Pilot Cosmonaut of the USSR” and “Pilot Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation” or candidates for cosmonaut during work.

If the breadwinner died due to a war wound, the disabled family member is entitled to a payment in the amount of 200% of social security. pensions; if due to an acquired disease during service, then the amount of payments is 150%.

In the event of the loss of a breadwinner related to the Chernobyl disaster, children are entitled to a subsidy of 250% of social benefits. pensions, and for other disabled people in the family - 125% for each.

Upon the death of an astronaut or a candidate for cosmonaut, 40% of his earnings are paid for each disabled person in the family.

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For northerners, there is an increase to these amounts in the amount of the regional coefficient.

Who is paid the survivor's pension?

The payment is assigned to persons who have lost a loved one who provides them financially.

Therefore, it is issued by the following citizens:

• minor children of a deceased citizen;
• children who are over 18 years old, but they are studying full-time at a university in an accredited program, but they must be under 23 years old;
• dependents who were financially supported by the deceased citizen, and these usually include disabled spouses and parents.

Reference! To apply for a survivor's pension for minor children, only an application is required, so no other papers are required, but if the children are over 18 years old, they will have to obtain a certificate of study from the university.

Social pension

The state social pension is paid to disabled citizens, namely:

• disabled people of groups I, II and III;
• disabled people since childhood;
• disabled children;
• in case of loss of parents or one parent for children under 18 years of age, as well as for full-time students under 23 years of age;
• foundling children, if the parents are unknown;
• for old age peoples of the North with a small population at the age of 55 for men and 50 for women, the rest of the citizens of the Russian Federation at the age of 70 (men) and 65 (women), at the same age for foreigners permanently residing in the territory of the Russian Federation for more than 15 years.

To receive such payments, you must meet the following requirements:

1. Permanently reside in Russia.
2. Be declared incapable of work.

Payments are made every month, from the first day of the month of application. Payment term:

• in old age - until the end of life;
• for disability - as long as it is confirmed or for an indefinite period;
• upon loss of a breadwinner or if parents are unknown - until reaching working age or indefinitely.

Features of social pension

Based on the new pension reform, all pensions paid by the state are divided into three types: insurance, social and funded. Social benefits are assigned exclusively to citizens who have an unusual status and therefore require financial support from the state.

When calculating social benefits, length of service and other criteria important for an insurance pension are not taken into account. It is offered to disabled people or minor citizens.

The rules for transferring funds include:

• money is paid monthly based on a special schedule;
• often they are accrued together with other pensions or other payments from the state;
• You must apply for payments to PF representatives;
• To receive funds, a citizen applying for a pension must prepare an application and other documents confirming his status;
• The application form can be obtained directly from PF employees or downloaded from the website;
• the application lists the main circumstances on the basis of which a person applies for state support, for example, indicating old age, disability group or loss of a breadwinner;
• if a survivor's pension is issued, then a death certificate is included in the package of documents, and if the recipient is a disabled spouse, then she must submit a marriage certificate and a certificate of disability;
• If an adult child studying full-time at a university applies, he needs a certificate from the educational institution.

Representatives of small nationalities can count on early retirement , but they must have papers confirming their status, and a certificate can be obtained from the local administration or from the community manager.

Since disabled people have to regularly confirm their status by passing a special commission, a new certificate will have to be constantly handed over to PF employees. It is permissible to involve a representative in this process, since people with disabilities cannot always visit different institutions on their own. The authorized person must have a power of attorney certified by a notary.

You should apply for payments to the Pension Fund at your place of registration. If a person does not have permanent registration, then a department at the place of temporary stay is selected. The procedure can be performed at any time, as there are no time restrictions.

You can submit documents during a personal visit to the authority, as well as by sending documents by mail or using the services of the MFC. If you have an identified account, the capabilities of the State Services portal are used.

Long service pension for civil servants

They can only get it by working out. It is not registered with the Pension Fund; the employee submits the application to the HR department at the place of work. Paid monthly, from the first day of the month of circulation. At the same time, the citizen has the right to receive a share of the old-age insurance pension.

Conditions of appointment

For retirement of a government employee. services need:

1. Have sufficient experience; starting from 2021, the experience will increase by 6 months annually. In 2021 it is 16 years and 6 months. This indicator will increase until 2026, by which time it will be equivalent to 20 years.
2. Before submitting an application for payment, a public sector employee must have uninterrupted government service. service for a year.
3. Dismissal from service must not be due to the employee’s fault, with the exception of the article at his own request or due to age. You cannot receive long-service benefits and continue to work in the service.
4. Reaching retirement age.

How is it calculated?

The amount of payments depends on earnings over the last 12 months and the number of years worked. You need to calculate your average monthly earnings for the last year, taking into account bonuses and allowances, except sick leave, vacations, incl. on pregnancy and childbirth.

Upon completion of the minimum length of service, the payment will be 45% of the average monthly earnings. If more years have been worked, then another 3% will be added for each year.

Elena Smirnova

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The law prescribes the maximum pension amount; it should not be more than 75% of average monthly earnings.