The state pension is regular support for citizens holding various vacancies and leaving the civil service upon reaching seniority, old age or disability. Pension benefits are provided to citizens in various types. This is quite significant support for disabled citizens.
State pension. Varieties, who can order, sizes in 2021
What is a state pension, what law is it regulated by?
A special budget is provided for the state pension system.
From this fund, citizens deprived of income are provided with regular assistance. This may look like compensation for lost earnings, but support is also intended for needy or deserving elderly people. Important! Not everyone can claim the right to support, but only certain individuals, and which ones are specified in Federal Law No. 166, it is called “State pension provision in the Russian Federation.”
For example, the following have priority rights:
- Federal civil servants.
- Military.
- Participants of the Second World War.
- Residents of besieged Leningrad.
- Cosmonauts, pilots.
- Disabled people.
- Accident victims.
- Close people of these categories of citizens.
If stateless persons or foreigners fall under this category, they also have the right to apply for a pension. At the same time, it is important to continuously stay in the Russian Federation. Sometimes one person falls under different types of government support. Specialists will provide more favorable conditions for obtaining it. It is not uncommon for one person to receive several different types of pensions. It is advisable to find out in advance about the options that you can count on.
Who receives an old-age pension in Russia
In 2021, the rules for assigning an old-age pension have changed slightly, since the retirement age for civil servants is increasing annually, as well as the minimum required insurance period and the minimum required number of pension points.
A person who:
- Reached the age of 60 years (men) or 55 years (women). For civil servants this is 61 years and 56 years respectively.
- Has insurance experience of 9 years.
- Has an individual pension coefficient of at least 13.8.
Types of state pension
Federal Law No. 166 provides for different types of pensions for citizens. A pension can be considered state support:
- For experience.
- According to the age.
- For receiving disability.
- For the loss of a breadwinner.
- Social pension.
The issue related to the registration of several pensions at the same time is worth special consideration.
| Citizens | Types of subsidies |
| Military disabled people | For disability + insurance |
| WWII participants | |
| Residents of besieged Leningrad | |
| Parents of deceased conscripts | For loss of a breadwinner + insurance + social + for length of service |
| Spouses of fallen soldiers | |
| Citizens, participants in emergency situations who became disabled | For loss of breadwinner + insurance + social |
| Federal employees | For length of service + insurance |
| Military, with the exception of conscripts | Insurance + for length of service + for disability |
Many people are concerned about the question: how much state support is there and who is entitled to it. More on this below.
State old age pension
Many citizens can count on this type of subsidy, but only after reaching a certain age. The conditions for granting an old-age pension vary. Federal Law-166 provides for the following gradations:
- Participants of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant - 50 years for men, 45 years for women.
- Those who have had radiation sickness are 55 years old for men, 50 years old for women.
- IDPs from the zone are three years earlier than the standard age.
- Residents who voluntarily moved – two years earlier.
- Preferential social economic status – a year earlier.
When assigning this pension, length of service will be provided. Legislation stipulates:
- 5 years – from December 15, 2001.
- 15 years – from 05/15/1991.
All pension-related benefits are assigned from the moment of application and are paid further indefinitely.
Amounts of state pensions for old age
The PF is responsible for processing state pensions. The list of required documents is determined depending on its type and category of citizens:
- For disabled military personnel of group I - 250% of the basic part of the old-age pension. Group II – 200%, Group III – 150%. Citizens who suffered in Chernobyl and other man-made disasters - 250% of the old-age payment.
- For federal civil servants - with 15 years of experience - 45% of the average salary, minus the insurance and basic parts for old age. For each additional year of service, the amount increases by 3%, but not more than 75% in total.
- Social pension: disabled people of groups I and II, disabled children, disabled children, orphans - 100% of the old-age pension. Group III – 85%.
All types of state pensions are assigned subject to citizens reaching 60/55 years of age (for men/women).
The minimum pension amount is not allowed to be lower than the established minimum subsistence level in the given region at the time of appointment.
State long service pension
This type of government assistance is paid to the military, federal government employees, pilots, and astronauts. For example, to receive a subsidy from the state, male cosmonauts need 25 years of experience, and women 20. Military personnel and test pilots will need the same experience. It takes 16.6 years for federal employees to work, and until 2021, it was enough for this category of people to work 15 years in one position.
State disability pension
Disabled people of various groups may not have any work experience at all, but receive government support due to their disability. Obtaining disability in this case is supervised by a medical and social examination, which then itself sends the papers to the Pension Fund.
The justification in this case is not always indefinite, but the benefit will be issued for the entire period of the established disability, regardless of the circumstances.
If a disabled person has reached retirement age and has 15 years of experience, as well as 30 coefficient points, he will be assigned standard additional payments, operating on a general basis. Important! The standard monthly pension requires some additional payments, for example, if you have dependents or if you live in the Far North.
State survivor's pension
This type of pension can be paid to many citizens. For example, disabled family members of a serviceman, in the event of his death, victims of man-made disasters. This type of support is as regular as the others, assigned from the moment of application. Detailed conditions below:
- Death of a military personnel during service or within three months after discharge.
- Death of a military personnel due to injury or illness arising from work activities.
- Victims of radiation sickness.
- Those who received disabilities due to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
- Death of astronauts or test pilots.
Not only the conditions, but also the amount of payments are regulated by law. For example, if a military injury was received, due to which the breadwinner died, then a subsidy of 250% of the amount of social subsidy is due. If there are other disabled persons in the family, then a pension is paid to everyone in the amount of 125%. Each disabled member of the astronaut's family will also receive a subsidy, but its amount is calculated at 40% of earnings.
Social pension
This type of subsidy is paid to a large number of disabled citizens:
- Disabled people of all groups.
- Disabled since childhood.
- Disabled children.
- Loss of parents - children under 18 years old, students under 23 years old.
Important! Registration of almost all types of pensions requires permanent residence in Russia and recognition of incapacity for work. Payment terms may vary.
Long service pension for civil servants
This type of pension is issued not by the Pension Fund, but by the personnel officer at the place of work. The payment will be assigned from the moment of application or upon reaching the length of service. If you reach the age for assigning an insurance pension at the same time, you can contact the Pension Fund for assignment of a second payment.
A civil servant must have served for 16 years and 6 months. The increase occurs from 2021, each time for six months. The indicator is planned to increase to 20 years by 2026. The work experience of a public sector employee must be uninterrupted for one year.
What affects the amount of pension benefits?
The average size of pension benefits in the Russian Federation has a specific value, but it does not reflect modern reality.
This is due to the fact that the final amount of the pension benefit is influenced by various factors. In particular: The highest and lowest pensions by region of the Russian Federation. Where are the richest pensioners?
- the amount of the fixed payment (FV) - it is established by the state and is valid for 12 months within one year;
- the funded part is due to insurance premiums paid by the employer;
- indexation percentage;
- the size of the established living wage in a specific region (different values are set in different regions);
- industry support for some professions.
The average pension benefit in the Russian Federation is 14 thousand rubles.
Each region calculates pension provision taking into account the following factors:
- State of the regional budget.
- Economic indicators.
- The profession of the future pensioner, his position, title.
- Presence/absence of length of service.
- Length of work experience.
- Territorial indicators.
- Additional payments at the regional level.
- Presence/absence of disability.
Conditions for assigning a state pension
Each type of pension has its own terms and conditions of assignment. To receive government support, you can follow some rules. For example, study the latest editions of modern legislation. This will help you better determine your own case and ultimately gain greater opportunities for government support.
Next, you can begin collecting documentation. When preparing documents according to the list, you can contact Pension Fund employees in advance. Specialists will give more accurate advice. Today, the application can be filled out not only in writing, but also electronically, using various government portals. After completing the application, you will have to wait some time. In any case, the pension will be assigned from the moment the application is submitted. The decision-making should not be delayed for more than one calendar month.
How is the pension calculated?
Calculations usually take into account 12 months of income and the number of years of service. You can calculate this yourself. For example, take into account the average earnings for the last year, along with bonuses and allowances, deduct sick leave and leave, including maternity leave.
If the minimum length of service has been completed, then state assistance will amount to 45% of the average monthly income. With greater output, another three percent will be added from the minimum for each year. The pension amount is limited to 75% of average monthly income.
Possible supplements to the state pension
Such allowances are called additional financial support and are usually paid monthly along with pensions. The amount of payments is usually fixed and ranges from 500 to 1000 rubles, depending on the purpose. For example, disabled people, WWII participants, prisoners, blockade survivors, military personnel, and other categories of citizens can receive them.
For example, disabled people can count on EDV - monthly cash payments, which are indexed along with the pension. These payments are considered federal. The amounts are small, but for some citizens they can be quite significant:
- Disabled people of group 1 – 4044.49 rubles.
- Disabled people of group 2 – 2888.41 rubles.
- Disabled people of group 3 – 2312.20 rubles.
If the pension is below the subsistence level, then the pensioner will be given an additional payment up to the level accepted in the region. According to the latest data, the Pension Fund has counted approximately 3.3 million people who can receive social payments. They are regular, so the budgets allocated for these purposes are quite large. In addition to monthly payments, one-time types of assistance can also be received towards your pension. For example, the Pension Fund pays funeral benefits to all non-working pensioners. The size of the subsidy varies and in 2021 is 6 thousand 351 rubles. 48 kopecks
Disabled citizens can count on the care of their relatives, who will receive a subsidy from the state for this. These payments are a fixed amount and are usually provided to all citizens over 80 years of age. Today it is about 1,400 rubles. If the parent is disabled, then the amount increases to 10 thousand rubles.
Anyone wishing to relax in the sanatorium can count on compensation for the cost of travel. This payment, as many often believe, is due not only to disabled people, but also to ordinary pensioners who have received free vouchers from a medical institution. The PFR budget annually allocates fabulous sums for these purposes. For example, 4.7 billion rubles are planned for 2021.
How to apply for a state pension
Different pensions are issued upon achievement of certain conditions. For example, a standard old-age subsidy is due upon reaching a certain age. The application along with the necessary documents is submitted to:
- Local authority of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation at the place of registration.
- According to temporary registration.
- At the place of actual residence.
Documents are usually submitted personally by the citizen himself. If special circumstances arise, a representative may contact you. For this purpose, a separate power of attorney is issued by a notary. Without a power of attorney, you can submit an application through a representative at multifunctional centers of State Services. The application date will be considered the day the application and documents are received.
In special cases, it is possible to send an application via mail or in the form of electronic document exchange.
List of documents for obtaining a state pension
You can start applying for a standard pension a month before the age specified in the legislation. Submitting an application is accompanied by the preparation of a package of documents:
- Passport.
- SNILS.
- Employment history.
- Certificate of dependents.
- Certificate of earnings.
- Registration documents.
- Certificate of disability (if available).
- Papers confirming the fact of a change in name.
The content of the application is usually standard; pension fund employees or MFC specialists help to complete it.
About the documents required when assigning a state pension
Along with the application for state old-age pension payments, citizens are required to provide documents confirming their status and the facts according to which they are entitled to it:
- A passport is a document confirming the identity of a citizen.
- Work book to confirm work experience. As a supplement to it, you can provide extracts from orders, employment contracts for the performance of work or the provision of services that are not listed in the work book, but took place.
- Certificates confirming stay in places where man-made disasters occurred. Medical evidence of illnesses suffered as a result of exposure to radiation.
- A certificate from the place of residence about family members and, as an annex to it, medical confirmation of their incapacity for work.
- Disability certificates for disabled dependents.
The list of documents will be different in each case. Their list depends on the individual conditions under which it is necessary to issue state pension payments to certain categories of citizens. A package of documents is submitted to the Pension Fund for consideration no less than 1 month before the age of 60/55 years.
If additional confirmation of facts is necessary, the Pension Fund may request the provision of additional certificates. The applicant will be given 3 days to do this. The accrual procedure takes 2 months. After the period for reviewing documents, the payment of assigned funds begins from the next month.
Application consideration period
Pension Fund or MFC specialists very clearly monitor the rules and carry out personal identification according to all parameters. The submitted copies will be scrupulously checked against the originals, and an incomplete package of documents is unlikely to be accepted.
Review of documents involves their list-by-list registration with the issuance of a receipt indicating the date of acceptance. Specific deadlines may be provided for providing missing documents. Usually no more than ten days from the date of application. Studying the applicant’s documents entails the following employee actions:
- Checking the validity of the accrual.
- Evaluation of the information contained.
- Collection of information in the individual accounting system.
- Making a decision to assign payments or refuse.
The period for full consideration of the package should not exceed 30 days from the date of application. Therefore, pensioners are recommended to apply a month before the conditions for the appointment of a state subsidy.
State pension indexation
All pensioners can expect a non-periodic increase in their income and this process is called indexation. The state gradual increase in pensions is provided from 04/01/2019. Indexation depends on inflation and is carried out in proportion to the cost of living of a pensioner for a certain period in a particular region. When increasing each time, standard coefficients are taken into account. For example, to find out the pension from April 2021, you need to multiply the subsidies received by 1.02. In other years, this figure may be increased or decreased.
Thus, a large number of people can count on government support. When contacting the Pension Fund or the HR department, you need to take into account the legal grounds, but in any case you will have to take care of yourself. In modern realities, the assignment of pension payments is carried out not only by the Pension Fund, but also by the MFC. Both organizations must be contacted in person. Only disability pensions will be issued by ITU bodies; these categories of citizens will not have to knock on the thresholds of numerous authorities.
Amount of social pension in 2021
If you compare labor and social pensions, you can understand that they are calculated in completely different ways. The insurance benefit is designed to compensate for lost income upon reaching the age limit. For this reason, the size of the pensioner’s salary that he received before entering retirement must be taken into account. This will not be required to calculate the old-age social pension in 2021, because it can be paid even to those who have not worked a single day and have not been registered with the employment service.
Such a payment is essentially a state benefit of the minimum amount, which is paid to a certain category of people. The size of the social pension is a fixed value, which is established by law, and the cost of living budget is taken as the basis. The last increase in social pension benefits was made on April 1, 2021 and the social pension was indexed to 8,742 rubles. The next increase is scheduled for April 1, after which the social pension in 2021 will be 9,045 rubles.
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Increasing coefficients
Unlike recipients of insurance pensions, applicants for social benefits in old age are not subject to any increasing or decreasing coefficients, since social pensions are fixed assistance from the state budget to certain individuals. Another thing is that for each category of persons who are entitled to receive a social old-age pension in 2021, separate minimum values are established. So, for example, the allowance of a disabled child will be greater than that of an old man who has not earned enough to earn an insurance pension.
The difference in the amounts of payments for pensioners by age is fixed due to the different level of the subsistence level budget, which is established for the country as a whole and in each region separately. For this reason, residents of the Far North receive more than pensioners, for example, of the Astrakhan region. If a person changes his permanent place of residence, then subsequent payments to him are calculated based on the region where he decided to settle.
Additional payments up to the cost of living
As noted, the cost of living is established at the federal and regional levels. In 2018, the average basic cost of living for a pensioner in the country was 8,540 rubles, while for 2021 this figure is planned at 8,726 rubles. According to the law, the social old-age pension in 2021, which is payable to a person, should not be less than the subsistence level in the region.
Social benefits can be paid from the regional or federal budget. If the pension in the region is less than the average Russian subsistence level, the federal budget makes up for this difference. Supplements are paid from the regional treasury only in some regions. This applies to the city of Moscow and those regions where the cost of living is higher than in the country (Chukotka, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Sakhalin Region, etc.)
For an example of calculating additional payments from the federal budget, we can consider the following situation. The pensioner receives 7,650 rubles in allowance and lives in the Bryansk region, where the cost of living budget for a pensioner in 2021 is 8,095 rubles, which is lower than the Russian average (8,540 rubles). He is entitled to an additional payment from the federal budget of 445 rudders (8095–7650=445).
An example of an additional payment from the regional budget looks similar, with the only difference that the payment is accrued not from the federal, but from the regional budget. The pensioner receives 11,700 rubles and lives in the Magadan region. The subsistence budget for 2021 for elderly people here is set at 15,450 rubles, which is more than the Russian average (8,540 rubles). He is entitled to an additional payment of 3,750 rubles (15,450–11,700 = 3,750).
The minimum social pension in 2021 depends on the cost of living of pensioners in the region. The table below shows some of them:
| Subject name | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| Overall for the Russian Federation | |||
| Russian Federation | 8 803 | 8 540 | 8 726 |
| Central Federal District | |||
| Moscow | 11 428 | 11 561 | 11 816 |
| Moscow region | 8 950 | 9 161 | 9 527 |
| Bryansk region | 6 648 | 8 095 | 8 441 |
| Northwestern Federal District | |||
| Saint Petersburg | – | 8 540 | 8 726 |
| Arhangelsk region | 11 173 | 10 816 | 10 285 |
| Novgorod region | 8 437 | 8 483 | 8 886 |
| North Caucasus Federal District | |||
| The Republic of Dagestan | 7 900 | 8 374 | 8 680 |
| Kabardino-Balkarian Republic | 8 095 | 8 500 | 8 726 |
| Stavropol region | 7 524 | 7 975 | 8 135 |
| Southern Federal District | |||
| Republic of Adygea | 8 138 | 8 138 | 8 138 |
| Krasnodar region | 8 418 | 8 478 | 8 537 |
| Rostov region | 8 488 | 8 488 | 8 488 |
| Volga Federal District | |||
| Republic of Bashkortostan | 7 842 | 8 015 | 8 320 |
| Republic of Tatarstan | 7 526 | 8 232 | 8 232 |
| Perm region | 7 731 | 8 473 | 8 537 |
| Ural Federal District | |||
| Tyumen region | 8 530 | 8 540 | 8 726 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 8 499 | 8 523 | 8 586 |
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 13 425 | 13 425 | 13 425 |
| Siberian Federal District | |||
| Krasnoyarsk region | 8 411 | 8 540 | 8 726 |
| Irkutsk region | 8 801 | 8 536 | 8 723 |
| Kemerovo region | 8 059 | 8 208 | 8 347 |
| Far Eastern Federal District | |||
| Primorsky Krai | 8 744 | 8 967 | 9 151 |
| Khabarovsk region | 10 895 | 10 895 | 10 895 |
| Magadan Region | 14 770 | 15 460 | 15 460 |
